• What is next generation sequencing?

Next generation sequencing (NGS) or massively parallel sequencing is a technique in which millions to billions of DNA/RNA molecules can be sequenced simultaneously and independently. Using this technique, now we can sequence the whole genome of human/pathogens within a single day for precise diagnosis and treatment.

• What is metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS)?

Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) is identification of all nucleic acids present in clinical samples (blood, respiratory fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, gastrointestinal fluid, ocular flood, stool, any body fluid and tissue). This method can identify emerging and reemerging pathogens (bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites), antibiotic resistance and virulence genes based on their genetic signature in less than 24-48 hours.

• What are the available methods for metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS)?

Unbiased metagenomics or whole genome sequencing, targeted sequencing based on PCR and hybridization capture are available methods for metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS). Selection of methods depends on your goal and budget.

• What is unbiased metagenomics or whole genome sequencing?

Unbiased metagenomics or whole genome sequencing is identification of all nucleic acids (DNA/RNA/cell free DNA/cell free RNA) present in clinical samples. It is hypothesis free and does not use primer or capture probe for identification of specific target. If you are looking for a comprehensive profiling of all pathogens then this method is better than targeted sequencing.

• What is targeted next generation sequencing?

Targeted next generation sequencing is a method that targets a specific area of the genome or selected whole genome. Current popular methods for targeted sequencing include hybridization capture and amplicon sequencing. Hybridization targeted sequencing uses biotinylated oligos to capture complementary sequences from sample libraries in the solution before sequencing. Amplicon sequencing is similar in concept to PCR in which the targeted region of interest is amplified using PCR primers. Targeted next generation sequencing is an efficient and cost effective way for detection and characterization of specific pathogens.

• Why is whole transcriptome metagenomics sequencing more comprehensive for microbiome characterization than PCR based ribosomal next generation sequencing?

Traditional PCR based ribosomal sequencing is good for identification of bacteria and fungi but is unable to identify parasites, viruses and metabolic pathways. Unbiased whole transcriptome metagenomics sequencing is more comprehensive for species level identification of all pathogens and metabolic pathways.

• How can I create an account?

Please contact us via email info@cordongenomics.com. We need your institution/clinic address, phone number, email id. We will reply within 24 hours.

• How do I interpret the results?

A positive result will report the name of any microorganism(s) and their quantity above our reference range. A negative result means that no microorganism was detected or their quantity is below our reference range. Decisions regarding patient care and treatment should not be solely based on this report. Additional epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data, medical history and physical findings are imperative for decision regarding patient care and treatment. We are available for any question related to the Cordon Test report. Please contact us at info@cordongenomics.com or 7500574951.